Footnotes

 

  • CHAPTER 1
    Frame of Reference
  • CHAPTER 3
    What Is Cancer?
  • CHAPTER 5
    Where It Starts





  • CHAPTER 6
    How It Spreads


  • CHAPTER 7
    Why Its Harmful



  • CHAPTER 8
    Clue to the Cause
  • CHAPTER 9
    Every 20 Seconds...
  • CHAPTER 10
    Survival Rates Today

  • CHAPTER 11
    Long-Term Trends
  • CHAPTER 13
    Specialized Medical Centers



  • CHAPTER 14
    The "Societies"

  • CHAPTER 15
    Big Pharma


  • CHAPTER 16
    "Smart Bombs"

  • CHAPTER 17
    Treatment Choices
  • CHAPTER 18
    Clinical Trials
  • CHAPTER 19
    Surgery
  • CHAPTER 20
    How Chemo Works

  • CHAPTER 21
    Side Effects
  • CHAPTER 22
    Damaged Atoms
  • CHAPTER 23
    Radiation Therapy
  • CHAPTER 24
    Monoclonal Antibodies


  • CHAPTER 25
    "Big 3" Blockbuster Drugs
  • CHAPTER 26
    Drugs from Small Molecules


  • CHAPTER 27
    Types of Coverage


  • CHAPTER 28
    Underinsured
  • CHAPTER 29
    Uninsured

  • CHAPTER 30
    Patient Empowerment
  • CHAPTER 35
    It’s Getting Expensive








  • See, the Jonathan Alter article in the 4/29/07 issue of
    Newsweek magazine.
  • See, www.biooncology.com

  • See, the book entitled "Genome – the Autobiography of a
    Species in 23 Chapters" (Harper Books 2000); see also, the
    "FAQs" section at www.cancergenome.nih.gov

    The analogy that 100 trillion dimes would fill the Empire State
    Building comes from a UK-based website dedicated to explaining
    cell biology to children (www.cellsrus.uk)
  • See, the article "Hallmarks of Cancer," by D Hanahan and RA
    Windberg, in the 1/7/00 issue of Cell magazine; for PET-scan
    images of metastatic cancer, see www.uams.edu/radiology;
    for a discussion of "staging," see, www.breastcancer.org.
  • This chapter draws upon three of the most comprehensive
    websites concerning cancer: and they are www.cancer.gov,
    www.cancer.org and www.cancer.net (collectively
    sometimes referred to as the "Master Websites."); see also
    www.meb.uni-bonn.de-cancer.gov/media.
  • See, the book Genes and Disease: which can be found on
    the Internet at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  • See, 4/8/07 and 7/29/07 issues of the New York Times
    with articles on the most serious diseases affecting Americans.
  • See, 8/7/07 issue of the New York Times (at page F6); see
    also SEER data on 2006 cancer cases available from the
    American Cancer Society ("ACS").
  • See, ACS website for survival rate data; see also,
    www.lungcanceralliance.org
  • For all major oncology centers within the NCCN network,
    websites provide statistics on the number of clinical trials
    each of them is conducting, segmented by cancer type; that
    is the source of the clinical trials data presented here. (which
    is as of 2007)
  • See, websites of each of the organizations mentioned for
    basic data about them (such as annual budget and
    membership).
  • See, the article "Big Pharma Faces Grim Prognosis" in the
    12/6/2007 edition of the Wall Street Journal. See also,
    the article entitled "Beyond Fast Track For Drug Approvals" in
    the 7/24/07 edition New England Journal of Medicine.
  • The author coined the phrase "smart bombs." The diagram
    in this chapter is original and depicts different branches of
    cancer-killing drugs.
  • See, the Master Websites.

  • See, the Master Websites.

  • For a synopsis of the different cancer-related surgeries,
    see, (www.cancer.org).
  • The author coined the phrase "carpet-bombing" and the
    diagram is original; for discussion of the many aspects of
    chemotherapy, see, the Master Websites.
  • The information in this chart derives primarily from the Master
    Websites.
  • See, www.radiologyinfo.org.

  • See, the "FAQ Sheet" about radiation therapy on the NCI’s
    website (www.cancer.gov).
  • See, www.gene.com; see, also, the article entitled "Gaining
    Ground on Breast Cancer" in the June 2008 issue of Scientific
    America and the article entitled "It’s a Mab Mab World,"
    appearing in the 5/21/07 issue of The Deal magazine.
  • Most of this data is drawn from Genentech’s excellent
    and informative website (www.gene.com)
  • See, "Small Molecules, Big Player" an article appearing in
    the 9/15/06 issue of the Journal Cancer Research which is
    published by the AACR and is available on their website
    (aacrjournals.org).
  • The NCI annually published its "Cancer Facts and Figures"
    and in 2008 included a special section entitled "Insurance
    and Cost-Related Barrier to Cancer Care," which provided
    the basis for much of the information in this chapter.
  • See, The Managed Care Answer Guide, which can be found at
    www.patientadvocate.org
  • See, the pamphlet Medicaid At-a-Glance, available from the
    U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. See also,
    www.wvhealthright.org.
  • See, The Wise Patient’s Guide to Being and Empowered
    Patient, which may be found at www.patients.about.com.
  • See, the 2/12/2008 edition of USA Today.

    For the approximate estimated cost of a year’s worth of
    some of the new anti-cancer drugs, see the article "Cancer
    Cures and Blockbuster Drugs," by GLG Mkilos, PhD and PJ
    Baird, PhD, in "Dean’s World" website.

    For the percentages of "who pays" for cancer treatment
    annually, see "How the Nation’s Health Dollar is Spent," in the
    Winter 2006 issue of Cure magazine.